Composites / Plastics Sitemap - Page 19
Texture
The structural quality of a surface.: texture
The Behavior of Sandwich Structures
Review of The Behavior of Sandwich Structures by Jack Vinson.
The Composites Collection - Composite Materials
A collection of essential composite online resources, from your About.com Guide
The Composites Handbook - Composite Materials
New CD-ROM edition of MIL-HDBK-17 from Technomic, from your About.com Guide
The Daily Grind - Composite Materials - Date: 09/15/98
The daily life of an engineer, from your About.com Guide
The Future of Advanced Materials
What is the future of advanced materials? SAMPE knows.
The House That Soy Built
The Ohio Soy Council is showcasing a house that makes extensive use of soy-based products, including plastics (seat cushions, sink basins and carpet backing),
The Importance of Mold Release
The Importance of Mold Release
The Many Uses of Fiberglass
The Many Uses of Fiberglass
Theoretical Stress Concentration Factor
The ratio of the greatest stress to the average stress.
Theoretical Weight
A calculated weight based on nominal dimensions and the density of a material.
Theory for Random Packing of Spheres
Princeton Team Proposes Theory for Random Packing of Spheres
Thermal Adhesive
Special type of adhesive which only develops its adhesive properties when heat is applied to it and partial liquefaction occurs.
Thermal Analysis
Any analysis of the physical or thermodynamic properties of materials in which heat or its removal is directly involved.
Thermal Black
See CARBON BLACK.: nbsp carbon
Thermal Capacity
The quantity of heat necessary to produce a unit change of temperature in a unit mass of a substance.
Thermal Conductivity
The measure of the ability of a material to conduct heat.
Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube Composites Lower than Expected
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered that adding carbon nanotubes to plastics increases the thermal conductivity of the composite by
Thermal Decomposition
See THERMAL DEGRADATION.: thermal decomposition thermal degradation nbsp
Thermal Degradation
Molecular deterioration of materials such as resins and organic fibers because of overheating.
Thermal Diffusivity
A measure of the rate at which a temperature disturbance at one point in a body travels to another point.
Thermal Expansion Coefficient
See COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION.: thermal expansion coefficient coefficient of thermal expansion
Thermal Fatigue
The premature fracture resulting from cyclic stresses due to temperature changes.
Thermal Fluids
Heat-stable, noncorrosive liquids such as oils and glycols, which are used in heat transfer equipment.
Thermal Gravimetric Analysis
See THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS.: thermal gravimetric analysis thermogravimetric analysis meta
Thermal Impulse Sealing
See IMPULSE SEALING.: impulse nbsp
Thermal Load
One component of me hygrothermal load.: thermal loads temperatures presence
Thermal Polymerization
Polymerization performed solely by heat in the absence of a catalyst.
Thermal Properties of Composites: Tg - Glass Transition
At a certain temperature, FRP composites will soften and lose their structure. This point is called the Glass Transition Temperature, or Tg.
Thermal Resistance
The temperature difference required to produce a unit of heat flux through the specimens under steady conditions.
Thermal Resistivity
The temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to the isothermal surface per unit heat flux.
Thermal Sealing
The method of bonding two or more layers of plastics by pressing them between heated dies or tools maintained at a relatively constant temperature.
Thermal Shock
The stress-producing phenomenon resulting from a sudden temperature drop.
Thermal Spraying
Any process wherein finely divided particles are deposited in a molten or semi-molten form.
Thermal Stability
The resistance to permanent change in properties caused solely by heat.
Thermal Stress
Stress produced by a temperature differential within a material.
Thermal Stress Cracking
Crazing and cracking of some thermoplastic resins which results from overexposure to elevated temperatures.
Thermal Transference
The heat flow in a body to or from the external surroundings by conduction, convection or radiation.
Thermal Transmittance
The time rate of heat flow per unit area under steady conditions through a body to the surroundings or its opposite side.
Thermal Treatment
The controlled heating which involves a prescribed heating rate, maximum temperature, and cooling cycle to produce the property and grain structure required.
Thermo Fibergen Reports Increased Third Quarter Loss
Thermo Fibergen reported a third quarter 2001 net loss of $1,247,000 versus net income of $313,000 last year. Revenues from composite building materials were approximately $235,000 and $151,000 in the 2001 and 2000 quarters, respectively.
Thermo Fibertek Changing Name to Kadant
Thermo Fibertek will change its name to Kadant on 12 July 2001. The name change is part of a spin-off from Thermo Electron.
Thermobalance
An analytical balance modified for thermogravimetric analysis.
Thermobande Welding
A variation of the hot plate welding method.: resistance element resistance heating resistance welding composite material hot plate
Thermochromism
The change in color with temperature.: nbsp definition
Thermoclave Molding
An alternative to conventional autoclave and hydroclave molding developed by United Technologies using a special vessel to contain a flowable solid medium which applies pressure to the composite being molded.
Thermocompression Bonding
The joining together of two materials, without an intermediate material, by the application of pressure and heat in the absence of an electrical current.
Thermocouple
A pair of two dissimilar metal wires welded together at one end, which when heated at the welded junction generates a feeble electrical current through a circuit connected to the opposite ends of the wires.
Thermodynamic Temperature
See KELVIN.: nbsp definition thermodynamic temperature
Thermoelasticity
The rubber-like elasticity exhibited by rigid plastic resulting from an increase in temperature.
Thermoform
The product which results from a thermoforming operation.
Thermoformed Natural Fiber Composites
An article in Daily Nonapreil reports that Creative Composites, located in eastern Iowa, is developing processes for making thermoplastic composites reinforced
Thermoformers
Parts manufacturers using thermoforming techniques.
Thermoforming
The process of forming a thermoplastic sheet into a three-dimensional shape by clamping the sheet in a frame, heating it to render it soft and pliable, then applying differential pressure to make the sheet conform to the shape of a mold or die positioned below the frame.
Thermogram
A curve plotting weight loss.: thermogravimetric analysis specimen thermogram curve nbsp
Thermography
An NDE method for damage investigation in composite materials which involves mapping of isothermal contour lines.
Thermogravimetric Analysis
A testing procedure in which changes in weight of a specimen are recorded as the specimen is heated in air or in a controlled atmosphere such as nitrogen.
Thermoplastic
A material capable of being repeatedly softened by increases in temperature and hardened by decreases in temperature.
Thermoplastic Carbon Composite Shafts from Phoenixx Golf
Phoenixx Golf has chosen a composite made of Fortron 0214B1 linear polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and carbon fiber for three new woods shafts.
Thermoplastic Composite Market Growth
A new study reports that the market for continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites has experience exceptional growth in recent years with a global
Thermoplastic Composite Replaces Aluminum in Airbus Wings
Fokker Special Products is using a thermoplastic/glass composite instead of aluminum for the inboard leading-edge nose on the wings of the new Airbus A340-500 and -600 series.
Thermoplastic Composites
High-performance fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites are a recent advance in engineering materials.
Thermoplastic Resin
One which flows upon being subjected to heat and pressure and solidifies on cooling without undergoing cross-linking.
Thermoplastic vs Thermoset Resins
Thermoset vs thermoplastic composites, what is the difference? Both have advantages and there is demand for both thermoplastic and thermoset composites.
Thermoplastic, BMC
Thermoplastic reinforced bulk molding compounds can be formulated containing glass, ceramic and coated ceramic fiber with a thermoplastic matrix; including BMC engineering thermoplastics containing 2-inch long fibers.
Thermoset
A material, such as an epoxy or polyester resin, which has the property of undergoing a chemical reaction by the action of heat, catalyst, ultraviolet light, etc.
Thermoset Composites
A composite material containing a thermosetting polymeric matrix, such as an epoxy or a polyester, and a reinforcement material.
Thermoset vs Thermoplastic Resin
Thermoset vs Thermoplastic Resin
Thermosetting Resin
A resin which polymerizes to a permanently solid and infusible state upon the application of heat.
Thermostat Metal
A composite material usually in sheet or strip form comprising at least two bonded materials, with different expansion coefficients, which alter curvature with a change in temperature.
Theta Solvent
A solvent which performs in an ideal manner (activity coefficient = 1) in dilute solution measurements of molecular weight.
Theta State
A term, introduced by Flory, to describe the condition in a polymer solution in which there is little interaction between the molecules of the solvent and those of the polymer, and in which the polymer molecules exist as statistical coils.
Theta Temperature
With respect to molecular interactions in dilute polymer solutions, theta temperature is the temperature at which the second virial coefficient disappears.
Thick
Having relatively great consistency.: nbsp definition consistency
Thick and Thin Places
As applied to fabrics it pertains to major defects, i.
Thickener
An additive used to impart thixotropy, increase viscosity, or modify the rheology of a coating.
Thickness
(1) The distance between the upper and lower surface of a textile material measured under specified conditions.
Thickness Compressed
Thickness measured under specified stress applied normal to the material.
Thickness Gaging
The thickness of plastic parts must be measured during their manufacture in order to adjust machines to maintain the thickness within specified tolerances.
Thin Filling
The filling yarn in woven fabrics that is smaller in diameter than normal.
Thin Polymer Coating Protects Against Heat
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a polymer coating only two nanometers thick that provides heat resistance to the underlying structure.
Thin-Film Deployable Mirrors Use Smart Materials
Sandia National Labs is developing a thin-film deployable optic system that can reshape itself on orbit.
Thin-Film Polymers - Composite Materials
New Blending Method for Thin-Film Polymers, from your About.com Guide
Thin-Film Polymers - Composite Materials
New Blending Method for Thin-Film Polymers, from your About.com Guide
Thin-Layer Chromatography
See CHROMATOGRAPHY.: thin layer chromatography nbsp
Thinner
Any volatile liquid or mixture used for reducing the viscosity of coating compositions, resins, or adhesives.
Thinning Ratio
The amount of thinner that is recommended for a given quantity of coating material, resin or adhesive.
Thiocarbamide
See THIOUREA.: nbsp definition
Thiocyanogen Value
Measure of the number of single and double bonds of unsaturation in a substance.
Thiourea
Used in the preparation of thiourea-formaldehyde resins.
Thiourea Resins
Resins made by the interaction of thiourea and aldehydes.
Thiourea-Formaldehyde Resin
Amino resin made by polycondensation of thiourea (thiocarbamide) with formaldehyde.
Thixoforming Metals - Composite Materials
Thixoforming Improves Metal Castings, from your About.com Guide
Thixotrope
Additive used to impart thixotropy to a coating material.
Thixotropic
Describes a material which undergoes a reduction in viscosity when shaken, stirred or otherwise mechanically disturbed and which readily recovers the original condition on standing.
Thixotropic Agents
See THIXOTROPY.: nbsp definition
Thixotropy
The property of a material which enables it to stiffen or thicken on a relatively short time upon standing but upon agitation or manipulation to change to a very soft consistency or a high viscosity fluid; a reversible process.
Thread Count
The number of yarns (threads) per inch in either length-wise (warp) or crosswise (fill) direction of woven fabrics.
Thread Plug
The part of a mold that shapes an internal thread and must be unscrewed from the finished piece.
Thread, Sewing
A flexible, small diameter textile or metal strand, treated with a surface coating or lubricant which is used to stitch fabric together.
Three Plate Mold
An injection mold with an intermediate, movable plate which permits center of offset gating of each cavity.
Three-Dimensional Orthotropic Stress-Strain Relations
Stress-strain relations for a three-dimensional orthotropic material.
Three-Directional
A method of weaving complex parts, which allows the accurate placement of fibers, to yield superior stiffness and strength for use in such applications as rocket nozzles.
Three-Directional Braids
The newest type of braid designed especially for composites applications.
Three-Quarters Hard
A temper of metal alloys characterized by tensile strength and hardness about midway between half- and full-hard.
Three-Rail Shear Test
A test devised to obtain the in-plane, Mode II fracture toughness of a composite.
Threshold Level
The setting of an instrument which registers only those changes in response greater than a specified magnitude.
Threshold Limit Values
Parts of vapor to gas per million parts of air by volume (PPM), or milligrams of particulate material per cubic meter of air (mg/m^3) to which workers may be exposed under limited conditions.
Threshold Temperature
In differential thermal analysis, threshold temperature is that part of the curve where the slope changes in the direction indicating an exchange of heat in the sample.
Threshold, Absolute
The minimum physical intensity of stimuli that elicits a response in a specified percent of the time.
Through-Transmission Method
An ultrasonic (NDT) method for detection and characterization of defects.
Through-the-Thickness
A type of braiding also known as 3D in which a seamless three-dimensional pattern is produced by continuous intertwining of fibers.
Throwing
A textile term referring to the act of imparting twist to a yarn, especially while plying and twisting together a number of yarns.
Ti
Chemical symbol for titanium.: nbsp definition chemical symbol ti ti titanium
Tie Bars
In plastic molding presses, they are bars which provide structural rigidity to the clamping mechanism often used to guide platen movement.
TieTek Composite Lumber to be Marketed in India
Owens Corning and TieTek will jointly market TieTek railroad crossties and other composite lumber products in India.
Tight Filling
See TIGHT PICK.: nbsp definition
Tight Pick
One or more picks woven under abnormally high tension producing a condition of wavy or ruffled fabric surface.
Tight Selvage
Selvage yarns shorter than the warp yarn in the fabric.
Tight Twist End
The single end with a higher than normal twist.: single end
Tilt Boundary
A subgrain boundary consisting of an array of edge dislocations.
Time Assembly
The interval of time between the spreading of the adhesive on the adherend and the application of pressure and/or heat.
Time Curing
The process in which an assembly is subjected to heat and/or pressure to effect cure.
Time Joint Conditioning
The time interval between the removal of the joint from bonding conditions (heat and/or pressure) and the attainment of the approximate maximum bond strength.
Time Resolved Spectroscopy
An analytical, infrared, spectroscopic technique for the acquisition of high resolution spectra in a short time.
Time of Integration
The time during which the point-to-point integration remains on during yarn evenness testing.
Time, Proportioned Sample
A sample that is collected at preselected time intervals.
Time-Temperature Curve
The thermal analysis curve produced by the plot of time vs.
Time-Weighted Average
Concentration in ppm or mg/cm^3 of a chemical component multiplied by the time of each individual sampling period, summed for all samples taken during an interval and divided by the total sampling time.
Time-to-Break
That interval when a specimen under prescribed conditions of tension is absorbing the energy required to reach maximum load.
Tit
An imperfection or small protrusion on a laminate surface.
Titanate Couplers
A family of monoalkoxy titanates useful in conjunction with mineral-type fillers and flame retardants.
Titanium
A high strength metal which can be used as a matrix.
Titanium Dioxide
A white powder available in two crystalline forms, anatase and rutile, which are chemically identical but physically different.
Titanium Trichloride
A catalyst for polymerizing olefins.: nbsp definition olefins catalyst titanium
Titration
The analytical process for the determination of material concentration by the successive addition of measured amounts of standard reagents to a known volume or weight of solution until a desired end point is reached.
Toggle Action
A mechanism which exerts pressure developed by the application of force on a knee joint.
Tolerance
(1) The guaranteed maximum deviation from the specified nominal value of a component characteristic at standard or stated environmental conditions.
Toluene
An aromatic solvent used for resins.: nbsp definition toluol flammable liquid benzene resins
Toluene-2,4-Diamine
A colorless, crystalline material used in the production of toluene diisocyanate, a key material in the manufacture of urethanes.
Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate
A liquid with a sharp, pungent odor, it reacts with water to produce carbon dioxide.
Tolylene Diisocyanate
British spelling for TOLUENE-2,4-DIISOCYANATE.: diisocyanate british spelling nbsp
Tools of the Trade
A review of the basic tools needed for composite layups.
Top 20 Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
Neil Armstrong announced the 20 top engineering achievements of the 20th Century at a National Academvy of Engineering NAE meeting
Top 5 Gifts For The Geek In Your Life
Having a hard time finding a gift for the geek you love and adore? Look no further, here are the top five gifts for the technical geek you love so much.
Top Gifts For the Composite Geek
If you have a hard time shopping for the geek in your life, perhaps I can help. I put together a list of the top 5 gifts to get the techie that you love. If
Top Sheet
See OVERLAY SHEET.: overlay sheet nbsp
Top Ten Engineering Achievements - Composite Materials
Top Ten Engineering Achievements of the Century, from your About.com Guide
Toray Materials Selected for 7E7
Toray Composites America will supply composite materials for Boeing's 7E7 aircraft. The materials will be used on the wing, fuselage and other structures, and
Toray Resin to Acquire Nippisun Indiana
Toray Industries' U.S. subsidiary, Toray Resin Co., will acquire a compounds-production facility of Nippisun Indiana Corp.(NIC), a U.S. subsidiary of Nippon Pigment Co., Ltd., in order to reinforce its engineering plastics business in North America.
Toray Revises FY2002 Sales and Earnings Forecast Downwards
Toray has revised its fiscal year 2002 earnings and sales downwards. Sales are expected to be flat to slightly lower, while income will decrease significantly.
Torpedo
A streamlined metal block placed in the path of flow of the plastic material in the heating cylinder of extruders and injection molding machines, to spread it into thin layers, thus forcing it into intimate contact with the heating areas.
Torque
The moment of force producing or tending to produce rotation or torsion.
Torr
A unit of pressure force per unit area, used in vacuum technology which has been replaced by the Pascal.
Torsion
Stress caused by twisting a material.: definition stress torsion
Torsion-Braid Analyzer
An instrument which permits the measurement of thermomechanical properties of polymers that are undergoing structural changes during cure.
Torsional Braid Analysis
A method of performing torsional tests on small amounts of materials in states in which they cannot support their own weight, e.
Torsional Modulus of Rupture
The modulus in torsion comparable to the bending modulus of rupture.
Torsional Moment
The algebraic sum of the couples or the moments of the external forces about the axis of twist or both in a body being twisted.
Torsional Rigidity, Fibers
(1) The resistance of a fiber to twisting.: nbsp definition dyne rigidity deflection cm 2
Torsional Shear Test
A test in which a relatively thin test specimen of a solid circular or annular cross section, usually confined between rings, is subjected to an axial load and to shear in torsion.
Torsional Strength
The minimum stress that a metal can withstand before fracture when subjected to a twisting force.
Torsional Stress
The shear stress on a transverse cross section resulting from a twisting action.
Torsional Tests
Tests for determining the stifnness properties of plastics and the strength of fiber reinforced composites based on measuring the torque required to twist a specimen to a predetermined degree of arc.
Tortuosity Factor
The distance a molecule must travel to get through a film divided by the thickness of film.
Total Mass Loss
The total mass of a material that has outgassed from a specimen under specified temperature and pressure.
Total Solids
See SOLIDS and NONVOLATILE MATTER.: total solids nbsp
Toughened Adhesives
Material having an enhanced capacity to cope with strain.
Toughness
The energy required to break a material, which is equal to the area under the stress-strain curve.
Toughness, Breaking
The actual work per unit volume or mass of material that is required to cause rupture.
Tow
An untwisted bundle of continuous untwisted filaments.
Towpreg
A prepreg fabricated from tow which can be converted to woven and braided fabric.
Toxic Pollutants
Those substances which come in contact with humans either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through the food chain, and have adverse effects on human health.
Toxicity
The measure of the adverse effect exerted on the human body by a poisonous material.
Trace
An impurity or constituent present in quantities less than 1.0 mg/g.
Traceability
(1) The ability to relate a material or its product to the origins of manufacture.
Tracer Yarns
Yarns of a distinctive color woven into the fabric to aid in the visual identification of warp and fill yarn direction.
Track
A partially conducting path of localized deterioration of the surface of an insulating material.
Tracking
A phenomenon wherein a high voltage source current creates a leakage or fault path across the surface of an insulating material by forming a carbonized path.
Tracking Resistance
The resistance of a material to track formation.: resistance
Trade Molder
The British term for custom molder.: custom molder
Trade Name Index ( F - H) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (0) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (1 - 3) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (4 - 6) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (7 - 9) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (A - B) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (C) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (D - E) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (I - L) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (M - N) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (P - S) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (T) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index (U - Z) - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Name Index - Composite Materials
Composite materials listed by trade name, from your About.com Guide
Trade Publications
Print and on-line trade publications and scientific journals dealing with the topics of polymer, plastics and macromolecules. Content varies from news services focused on the plastics industry to publications of technical content.
Training: Organizations
Companies, schools and other organizations that provide training in plastic and composite materials and manufacturing, as well as related fields such as boating and nondestructive testing.
Trammage
A puckered area in which a filling yarn has twist running in the same direction for several picks instead of alternating S and Z twist.
Trans-
A prefix denoting an isomer in which certain atoms or groups are located on opposite sides of a plane.
Transcrystalline
See INTRACRYSTALLINE.: nbsp definition
Transducer
A device to detect a physical variable and preform either a mechanical or electrical transformation producing a representative signal of the variable.
Transfer Molding
A molding process used for thermosetting resins.: thermosetting resins molding material closed mold transfer molding open pot
Transfer Molding Pressure
The pressure applied to the cross-sectional area of the material pot or cylinder.
Transfer Pot
A heating cylinder or transfer chamber in a transfer mold.
Transfer Press
A press with an integral mechanism for transfer and control of the workpiece.
Transformation
The variation of strength, stiffness, hygrothermal expansion, stress, strain, etc.
Transformation Relation for Ply Stiffnesses
Equations for transforming ply stiffnesses in terms of angle.
Transgranular
See INTRACRYSTALLINE.: nbsp definition
Transition Curve
A plot in a P/T diagram indicating the locus of the temperature and pressure values at which a congruent equilibrium between two solid phases exists.
Transition Metal
A metal having an incompletely filled d-band or one containing less than the maximum number of ten electrons per atom.
Transition Phase
A nonequilibrium state appearing in a chemical system in the course of transformation between two equilibrium states.
Transition Point
The temperature at the stated pressure at which two solid phases exist in congruent equilibrium.
Transition Region
The region on the transition temperature curve in which toughness increases rapidly with rising temperature and is characterized by a rapid change from a primarily cleavage fracture mode.
Transition Section
In an extruder, the section of the screw that contains material in both the solid and molten state.
Transition Structure
In precipitation from solid solution, it is a metastable precipitate that is coherent with the matrix.
Transition Temperature
The temperature at which a polymer changes from (or to) a viscous or rubbery condition to (or from) a hard and relatively brittle one.
Transition, First Order
The change of state associated with polymer crystallization or melting.
Transition, Glass
The reversible physical change in a material from a viscous or rubbery state to a brittle glassy one.
Translucency
Appearance state between complete opacity and complete transparency; partially opaque.
Translucent
Allowing the passage of some light, but not a clear view.
Transmission
Process by which radiant energy passes through a material or an object.
Transmittance
Of light, that fraction of the emitted light of a given wavelength which is not reflected or absorbed, but passes through a substance.
Transparent
A material which transmits light without diffusion or scattering.
Transparent Composites
See OPTICAL COMPOSITES.: composites nbsp
Transverse
In winding or reeling it is the movement of an end or ends parallel to the axis of rotation which spaces across the yarn package.
Transverse Compression
A method for testing highly oriented composites.: axial compression compressive strength composites
Transverse Crack
The matrix and interfacial failure caused by excessive tensile stress applied transversely to the fibers in a unidirectional ply of a laminate.
Transverse Isotropy
The material symmetry that possesses an isotropic plane such as a unidirectional composite.
Transverse Rupture Strength
The stress calculated from the flexure formula, which is required to break a specimen.
Transverse Sensitivity
The ratio expressed as a percentage of the unit change of resistance of a gage mounted perpendicularly to a unilateral strain field (transverse gate), to the unit resistance change of an identical gage mounted parallel to the same strain field (longitudinal gage).
Transverse Strain
The linear strain in a plane perpendicular to a specimen axis.
Transverse Wave
Wave motion in which the particle displacement at each point in a material is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Traveling Exhibit Highlights Cool Materials
Strange Matter, a new traveling science museum and exhibition and Web site, was developed to generate interest in the field of materials science. The hands-on
Traverse Length
The distance, parallel to the axis of the package, between points of reversal in the traverse direction.
Treater
Equipment for preparing dry resin-impregnated reinforcements that includes: means for delivery of a continuous web or strand to a resin tank, controlling the amount of resin pickup, drying and/or partially curing the resin, and rewinding the impregnated reinforcement.
Tremolite
A variety of silicate mineral similar to and sometimes sold as fibrous talc.
Trent Lott to Visit Alliant Composites Plant in Mississippi
Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott will visit the Alliant Techsystems composites plant in Mississippi.
Trex Counterclaim - Composite Materials
Trex Responds to Counterclaim, from your About.com Guide
Trex IPO - Composite Materials
Trex IPO, from your About.com Guide: kevlar aramid fiber trex company inc square foot state fernley nevada marina docks
Trex Indexed - Composite Materials
Trex Added to Russell Indexes, from your About.com Guide
Trex Plant Opens - Composite Materials
Trex Plant Opens Ahead of Schedule, from your About.com Guide
Trex Revenues and Income Increases
Trex announced higher third quarter revenues and income. The company has continued to expand its capacity and distribution channels.
Trex Sales and Earnings Continue to Grow
Composite lumber manufacturer Trex reported higher sales and earnings for the first quarter of 2001. Increases are planned for both sales staff and production facilities.
Tri(2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphate
See TRIOCTYL PHOSPHATE.: ethylhexyl phosphate
Tri(n-Octyl n-Decyl) Trimellitate
A low temperature plasticizer for vinyls with good high-temperature aging characteristics.
Tri-n-Butyl Phosphine
A curing agent for epoxy resins and a catalyst for vinyl and isocyanate polymerization.
Tri-n-Propyl Phosphate
A plasticizer and solvent.: propyl plasticizer phosphate
Trialkyl Trimellitates
The triesters of mellitic acid that are used as plasticizers.
Triallyl Cyanurate
A highly reactive material used in copolymerizations with vinyl-type monomers to form resins of the allyl family.
Triallyl Phosphate
A monomer that can be copolymerized with methyl methacrylate to produce flame-retardant copolymers.
Triamino-s-Triazine
See MELAMINE.: triazine nbsp
Triaryl Phosphate
A synthetic ester-type plasticizer that is useful as a flame retarding plasticizer in vinyl plastisol.
Triaxial
Stress A state of stress in which none of the three principal stresses is zero.
Triaxial Braid
A braid consisting of a biaxial braid with added axials in which the yarns are locked together without possible geometric arrangement.
Triaxial Weaving
Three-yarn systems that are interwoven typically at 60 degree angles to one another in a single plane.
Triazine Resins
A class of thermosetting polymers prepared from primary and secondary bis-cyanamides with pendant aryl sulfonyl groups.
Tribasic
Pertaining to acids or salts which have three displaceable hydrogen atoms per molecule.
Tribology
The study of wear and frictional properties.: nbsp definition
Tributyl Borate
A colorless liquid, used as an anti-blocking agent for plastic films and sheets.
Trichloroethane
A nonflammable chlorinated solvent used in adhesives.
Tricomponent Fiber
One containing three chemically or physically different polymers.
Tricresyl Phosphate
A plasticizer for PVC and alkyds.: plasticizer for pvc phosphate fungus geneva flame
Tricresyl Phosphite
A liquid used as a flame-retardant plasticizer and stabilizer for thermoplastics.
Triethyl Phosphate
A flame-retardant plasticizer for vinyl polymers and unsaturated polyesters.
Triethylenetetramine
(TETA) A viscous, yellowish liquid, used as a curing agent for epoxy resins.
Trimer
A molecule formed by the union of three molecules of a monomer.
Trimethyl Borate
A liquid used as a flame retardant for plastics.: nbsp definition flame retardant borate plastics
Trimethyl Dihydtoxyquinoline
An antioxidant used in chemically cross-linked polyethylene.
Trimethyl-l,3-Pentanediol
One of the principal glycols used in making polyester resins, alkyd resins and polyester plasticizers.
Trimethylbenzene
See MESITYLENE.: nbsp definition trimethylbenzene
Trioctyl Phosphate
A plasticizer for PVC, that imparts good low temperature flexibility, resistance to water extraction, flame and fungus resistance, and minimum change in flexibility over a wide temperature range.
Triol
A term sometimes used for a trihydric alcohol, that is an alcohol containing three hydroxyl (OH) radicals.
Triple Curve
A line in a PT plot representing the sequence of pressure and temperature values at which two conjugate phases occur in univariant equilibrium.
Triple Point
A point in a PT plot representing the temperature and pressure conditions at which three different phases of one substance can coexist in equilibrium.
Tripoli
A friable and dust-like silica abrasive.: nbsp definition tripoli silica abrasive
Tripolite
See DIATOMACEOUS SILICA.: silica
Tris(2,3-Dibromopropyl) Phosphate
A flame retardant for many plastics.: flame retardant phosphate tris plastics
Tris(2,3-Dichloropropyl) Phosphate
A plasticizing flame retardant for many plastics.: flame retardant phosphate tris plastics
Tris(2-Chloroethyl) Phosphate
A flame retardant and plasticizer.: flame retardant plasticizer phosphate tris
Tritactic Polymers
Isotactic or syndiotactic polymers which are also of the cis- or trans- form, because the molecules are unsaturated and have double bonds.
Tritolyl Phosphate
See TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE.: phosphate
Triton Systems Uses SBIR Program to Develop New Materials
Triton Systems is a materials development company that gets most of its funding from the SBIR program. Inventions include SmartBond for bonding composites and various metal matrix composites.
Trommsdorff Effect
See AUTOACCELERATION.: nbsp definition
Trough
See VALLEY.: trough nbsp
True Density
The density of a porous solid defined as the ratio of its mass to its true volume.
True Strain
Defined as ln L/L0.: gage marks nbsp definition elongation increment geneva
True Stress
In a tension or compression test it is the axial stress calculated on the basis of the cross-sectional area at the moment of observation instead of the original cross-sectional area.
True Volume
The volume of a solid material excluding the volume of pores and voids.
Trueness
The lack of significant curvature, inclination, noteworthy elevations or depressions.
Trumeter
A device used to accurately measure yardage passing a specific point of reference.
Tubing
Braided, knitted or woven fabric of cylindrical form having a width of 4 inches or more.
Tubular Weave
Weave that is similar to the basket weave yielding a seamless, dimensionally stable fabric that is tubular in form.
Tukon
The trade name for the Page-Wilson Corporation instrumentation for materials testing.
Tumble Finishing
See TUMBLING.: nbsp definition
Tumbling
A finishing operation for small plastic articles by which gates.
Tune, Drying
The time period an adhesive on an adherend is allowed to dry without the application of heat and/or pressure.
Tunnel Gate
See SUBMARINE GATE.: nbsp
Tunneling
A condition occurring in completely bonded laminates, characterized by release of longitudinal portions of the substrate and deformation of those portions to form tunnel-like structures.
Turbostratic
A type of crystalline structure where the basal planes have slipped sideways relative to each other, causing the spacing between planes to be greater than ideal.
Turbulence
Deviation from streamline or telescopic flow.: eddy currents turbulent flow turbulence existence
Turn
In textile strands a turn is one 360 degree revolution of the components of a strand around the strand axis expressed as turns per inch or turns per meter.
Turns per Inch
A measure of the amount of twist produced in a yarn during its conversion from strand.
Tutorial / Workshop on Polymer Nanocomposites
The Composites Division of the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE) is offering a one-day workshop titled Compounding and Molding of Multifunctional Polymer
Twaddell Hydrometer
A form of technical hygrometer used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.
Twaddell Scale
A method of starting specific gravity, designed to simplify measurements for unskilled persons.
Twill Weave
A weave that consists of one or more warp yarns running over and under two or more fill yarns.
Twin Screw Extruder
See EXTRUDER.: twin screw extruder nbsp
Twist
(1) The number of turns about the axis per unit length, in a yarn or textile strand.
Twist and Ply Frames
Machines used for twisting and/or plying of yarns.
Twist, Balanced
An arrangement of twists in a combination of two or more strands that does not cause kinking or twisting on themselves, when the yarn produced is held in the form of an open loop.
Twist, Corkscrew
A condition in the plane of plied yarn, where uneven tension during twisting causes the component strands with less tension to form spirals around those with greater tension.
Twist, Direction of
The direction of twist in yarns and other textile strands is indicated by S and Z.
Twist, Yarn
The number of turns per unit length about the axis, in a yarn or other textile strand.
Two Alyn Corp. Board Members Resin
Two members have resigned from the Alyn Corporation Board of Directors
Two-Component Gun
Spray gun having two separate fluid sources leading to the spray head.
Two-Dimensional Orthotropic Materials
Stress-strain relations for a two-dimensional orthotropic material.
Two-Level Mold
A double-decked mold in which cavities are placed in two layers to reduce clamping force.
Two-Part System
A resin system or adhesive that is supplied with the resin or adhesive separate from the accelerator.
Two-Shot Injection Molding
This term is ambiguous because it has been used in the literature for two processes that are distinctively different.
Two-Shot Molding
See DOUBLE-SHOT MOLDING.: shot molding nbsp
Two-Step Braiding
A 3-D braiding method for forming essentially any shape including hollow and circular parts.
Typical Basis
The typical property value is an average value.: property value
Tyranno Fiber
A continuous ceramic with improved strength retention at high temperatures.
U
(1) Abbreviation for STRAIN ENERGY.: strain energy chemical symbol abbreviation uranium nbsp
U Delaware Heads Carbon Nanotube Research Project
A team of researchers led by University of Delaware Prof. Tsu-Wei Chou was recently awarded a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for research on
U-Value
The measure of thermal transmittance.: thermal transmittance
U.S. Navy's All-Composite Littoral Combat Ship
Goodrich Corporation is a member of the Raytheon-led team recently selected by the U.S. Navy to finalize preliminary designs of a Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). The foundation for the team's design is an all-composite ship with a twin-hull/catamaran design using the latest in composites technology provided by Goodrich.
U.S. Navy's All-Composite Littoral Combat Ship
Goodrich Corporation is a member of the Raytheon-led team recently selected by the U.S. Navy to finalize preliminary designs of a Littoral Combat Ship (LCS).
U.S. Plastic Lumber Appoints New President
U.S. Plastic lumber has appointed Thomas McEvoy as President of USPL's Plastic Division.
UCAR Relocates - Composite Materials
UCAR Relocates Headquarters to Nashville, from your About.com Guide
UDC
Abbreviation for unidirectional composite.: nbsp definition abbreviation
UDR
Abbreviation for UNIDIRECTIONAL ROVING.: abbreviation udr
UF
Abbreviation for urea-formaldehyde.: urea formaldehyde amine resins abbreviation
UHM
Abbreviation for ultrahigh modulus.: nbsp definition modulus abbreviation
UHMW Polyethylenes
Abbreviation for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes.
UK Aerospace Cluster Gets £2m Composite Research Funding
The UK North West Aerospace Alliance (NWAA) has secured £2m in funding for composite research. The two grants, which will be matched by the participating
UK Firm Develops Wood-Based Composite
Recology, a newly formed company in the UK, has developed a wood-based polymer composite made from post-industrial polypropylene (PP) and sawmill residue. Wood
UK Science Minister Creates Engineering and Technology Board
The UK Science Minister has created a new Engineering and Technology Board that will work on behalf of the engineering and technology community.
UMC
Abbreviation for UNIDIRECTIONAL MOLDING COMPOUND.: molding compound abbreviation nbsp
UMaine Receives Patent for Stronger Building Panel
Engineers in the Advanced Engineered Wood Composites Center (AEWC) at the University of Maine have developed a reinforced building panel that substantially increases the structural strength of a typical house. The addition of tough fiber reinforced polymer material to the perimeter and other nailing surfaces increases strength up to 20 percent.
UMaine Receives Patent for Stronger Building Panel
Engineers in the Advanced Engineered Wood Composites Center (AEWC) at the University of Maine have developed a reinforced building panel that substantially
UP
Abbreviation for UNSATURATED POLYESTER.: unsaturated polyester abbreviation nbsp
UPS
Acronym for ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY.
US Global Nanospace Appoints Chief Science Officer
US Global Nanospace, Inc. announced that Dr. Jiang Zhu of Rice University has been appointed Chief Science Officer for the company. Currently a Postdoctoral Research Scientist at Rice University, a world leader in the nanosciences and nanotechnology, Dr. Jiang Zhu is developing high performance composite nanomaterials, including nanotube reinforced polymer composites with significantly improved strength and toughness with under five percent nanotube addition.
US Global Nanospace Appoints Chief Science Officer
US Global Nanospace, Inc. announced that Dr. Jiang Zhu of Rice University has been appointed Chief Science Officer for the company. Currently a Postdoctoral
USA Luge Sleds To Use Fiberglass
It is winter time, and that means it's luge sledding time. The Oneida Dispatch reports on Clarkson University and their research into the next Luge Sled design
USTech Materials Distributing PEAR Test Samples
USTech Materials has begun providing test samples of its high performance PEAR (PolyEther Amide Resin) system to potential customers.
USTech Materials Receives PEAR Resin Licensing Agreement
USTech Materials Corporation (USTM) subsidiary has been granted a worldwide licensing agreement with Ashland, Inc. for the PolyEther Amide Resin (PEAR) high performance resin system.
UTS
Abbreviation for ultimate tensile strength.: ultimate tensile strength nbsp definition abbreviation
UV
Abbreviation for ULTRAVIOLET.: abbreviation nbsp
UV Screening Agents
See ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBERS.: uv screening nbsp
UV Stabilizers
See ULTRAVIOLET STABILIZERS.: uv stabilizers nbsp
Ubbelohde Viscometer Capillary
A viscometer used for measurement of polymer solutions.
Ullage
The percentage of a closed system filled with vapor.
Ultimate Analysis
The determination of the percentages of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine and (by difference) oxygen in the gaseous products and ash after the complete combustion of an organic material of a sample.
Ultimate Elongation
In a tensile test, the elongation of a rupture.: tensile test elongation
Ultimate Strength
The term used to describe the maximum unit stress that a material can withstand when subjected to an applied load in a compression, tension or shear test.
Ultra-Light Steel Autobody - Composite Materials
Project to Develop Ultra-Light Steel Autobody, from your About.com Guide
Ultracentrifuge
An apparatus for developing centrifugal forces, up to 1,000,000 times the force of gravity, to cause very small particles to settle out.
Ultrahard Metals - Composite Materials
New Machining Method for Ultrahard Metals, from your About.com Guide
Ultrasonic
Pertaining to mechanical vibrations having a frequency greater than approximately 20 kHz.
Ultrasonic Activated Forming
The use of a high-frequency vibration as an improvement technique for forming metal or plastic parts.
Ultrasonic Beam
A pulse of acoustical radiation having a frequency above the range of audible sound (above 20 kHz).
Ultrasonic C Scan
A nondestructive inspection technique for composites in which a.
Ultrasonic Cleaning
A method used for thoroughly cleaning molded plastics for electrical components and mechanical parts.
Ultrasonic Frequencies
Frequencies above the limit of human audibility, approximately 18,000 cycles per second.
Ultrasonic Inserting
A method of incorporating metallic inserts in plastic articles by means of ultrasonic heating.
Ultrasonic Machining
A type of abrasive machining that uses a tool vibrating at ultrasonic frequencies to cause a grit-loaded slurry to impinge on and remove surface material.
Ultrasonic Measurements Based on Brownian Motion
Scientists at the University of Illinois have made ultrasonic measurements using only the sound waves generated by the natural motion of molecules at room temperature.
Ultrasonic Mixing
A method of mixings resins and curing agents ultrasonically without the addition of solvents.
Ultrasonic Penetration
A relative term to describe the ability of an ultrasonic testing system to inspect high absorption or scattering.
Ultrasonic Ply Cutting
A technique for cutting composite plies has recently been introduced which claims to cut prepregs at a faster rate and applicable to thick sections without damage to the backing.
Ultrasonic Response
The indication that represents the amount of ultrasonic energy initially reflected from a reference block.
Ultrasonic Sealing
See ULTRASONIC WELDING.: ultrasonic welding nbsp
Ultrasonic Sensitivity
The capacity of an ultrasonic testing system to detect a very small discontinuity.
Ultrasonic Staking
The process of forming a head on a protruding portion of a plastic article for the purpose of holding a surrounding part in place.
Ultrasonic Testing
A nondestructive test applied to elastic sound-conductive materials to locate inhomogeneities or structural discontinuities.
Ultrasonic Transducer Engineering Conference
Penn State is hosting a conference on medical ultrasonic transducers in August 2001.
Ultrasonic Welding
A localized method of welding or sealing thermoplastics in which heat is generated by vibration caused by ultrasonic energies at frequencies of 20 to 40 kHz.
Ultratrace
Used to conveniently designate amounts of material present in the region below 1.0 microgram/gram.
Ultraviolet
The region of the electromagnetic spectrum between the violet end of visible light and the X-ray region, including wavelengths from approximately 400-10 nm.
Ultraviolet Absorbers
These additives protect plastics against UV effects by preferentially absorbing the incident UV radiation and dissipating the associated energy in a harmless manner such as transformation into longer wavelength less energetic radiation.
Ultraviolet Curing
Conversion of a resin or an adhesive to its final state by means of ultraviolet energy.
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy
An analytical technique employing UV radiation somewhat similar to ESCA or XPS.
Ultraviolet Radiation
See ULTRAVIOLET.: ultraviolet radiation nbsp
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
A method of analysis similar to infrared Spectrophotometry except that the spectrum is obtained with ultraviolet light.
Ultraviolet Stabilizers
Additives which do not actually absorb UV radiation but protect the polymer in some other manner are called ultraviolet stabilizers or other names that indicate the mode of stabilization.
Ultraviolet/Visible
An analytical technique for the measurement of wavelength-dependent attenuation of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light and used in the detection, identification and quantification of atomic and molecular species.
Umeco Acquires Advanced Composites Group
British aerospace company Umeco has proposed to acquire Advanced Composites Group for 44.25 million pounds. The acquisition is expected to be completed in early
Umpire
A laboratory of recognized capabilities used to resolve conflicting differences in measurements obtained from different sources.
Unbiased Sample
One that is representative.
Uncertainty
The tolerance assigned to a measured value taking into account both systematic error and random en-or attributed to the imprecision of the measurement process.
Undercure
A condition or degree of cure that is less than optimum.
Undercut
A protuberance or indentation that impedes the withdrawal of an article from a two-piece, rigid mold.
Underexpanded Core
In reference to expanded hexagon honeycomb core, this is an underexpanded condition resulting in almost diamond-shaped cells with a reduction of transverse directional strength.
Understressing
The application of a cyclic stress lower than the endurance limit.
Underwriters Laboratories Temperature Index
The maximum temperature a material may be safely used in electrical equipment.
Uneven Shrinkage
A wavy, warpwise condition of a fabric which prevents it from lying flat on a horizontal surface.
Uneven Surface
An irregular surface characterized by nonuniformity in the physical configuration of the yarns or fibers.
Unevenness
The variation of the linear density of a continuous strand (or a portion thereof) which can be expressed as (1) the coefficient of variation unevenness, (2) the percent mean deviation unevenness or (3) the percent mean range unevenness.
Uniarial Compression
That caused by the application of normal stress in a single direction.
Uniary System
Composed of one component.
Uniaxial Orientation
A method of orientation, in which the orienting stress is applied only in one direction.
Uniaxial State of Stress
The state in which two of the three principal stresses are zero.
Unidirectional
Reinforcing fibers in one direction in the plane of the composite.
Unidirectional Fabric
A fabric made with a weave pattern designed for directional strength in one direction only (commonly referred to by the term Unifab).
Unidirectional Laminate
A reinforced plastic laminate in which substantially all of the fibers are oriented in the same direction.
Unidirectional Molding Compound
(UMC) A molding material containing reinforcement which imparts directional strength.
Unidirectional Roving
Consists of heavy parallel rovings with a smaller number of light rovings at right angles that result in highly directional strength properties.
Unifil
A device attached to the loom which automatically winds yarn onto quills from yarn packages and maintains a supply of quills for the shuttle.
Uniform Strain
(1) The strain that occurs prior to the beginning of localization of strain (necking).
Unit
Stress The amount of stress per unit area.: definition stress
Unit
(1) A reference value of a given quantity (only one unit for each quantity in SI).
Unit Elongation
In a tensile test, the ratio of the elongation to the original length of the specimen, that is, the change in length per unit of original length.
Unit Strain
The amount of strain or deformation per unit of length.
Unit Weight
The weight per unit volume.: unit volume
Unit, Angstrom
See ANGSTROM.: nbsp definition
Unitized
The segments of a load secured into one unit.: segments
Univariant Equilibrium
A stable state among a number of phases equal to one more than the number of components, i.
Universal Testing Machine
The instrument used for the measurement of loads and the associated test specimen deflections such as those encountered in tensile, compressive or flexural modes.
University Laboratory Composite Donation Request
California Polytechnic State University is requesting donations of composite materials and equipment for its Composite Structures Laboratory in the Aerospace Engineering Department.